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SOIL ORGANIC CARBON SEQUESTRATION MATTERS BUT IS NO PANACEA FOR CARBON-NEUTRAL AGRICULTURE

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第10卷第2期页码 281-284 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2022470

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Achievements, challenges and global implications of China’s carbon neutral pledge

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第8期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1532-9

摘要： China has been committed to achieving carbon neutrality by 2060. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality will play an essential role in galvanising global climate action, which has been largely deferred by the Covid-19 pandemic. China’s carbon neutrality could reduce global warming by approximately 0.2–0.3 °C and save around 1.8 million people from premature death due to air pollution. Along with domestic benefits, China’s pledge of carbon neutrality is a “game-changer” for global climate action and can inspire other large carbon emitters to contribute actively to mitigate carbon emissions, particularly countries along the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) routes. In order to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060, it is necessary to decarbonise all sectors in China, including energy, industry, transportation, construction, and agriculture. However, this transition will be very challenging, because major technological breakthroughs and large-scale investments are required. Strong policies and implementation plans are essential, including sustainable demand, decarbonizing electricity, electrification, fuel switching, and negative emissions. In particular, if China can peak carbon emissions earlier, it can lower the costs of the carbon neutral transition and make it easier to do so over a longer time horizon. China’s pledge of carbon neutrality by 2060 and recent pledges at the 26^th UN Climate Change Conference of the Parties (COP26) are significant contributions and critical steps for global climate action. However, countries worldwide need to achieve carbon neutrality to keep the global temperature from growing beyond the level that will cause catastrophic damages globally.

关键词： Carbon neutrality Carbon peak Renewable energy Negative emission Carbon capture Utilisation and storage Nature-based solution

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Transition towards carbon-neutral electrical systems for China: Challenges and perspectives

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2022年第9卷第3期页码 504-508 doi: 10.1007/s42524-022-0220-6

关键词： carbon neutrality power systems electrification renewable energy

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Smart systems engineering contributing to an intelligent carbon-neutral future: opportunities, challenges

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 1023-1029 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2142-6

摘要： This communication paper provides an overview of multi-scale smart systems engineering (SSE) approaches and their applications in crucial domains including materials discovery, intelligent manufacturing, and environmental management. A major focus of this interdisciplinary field is on the design, operation and management of multi-scale systems with enhanced economic and environmental performance. The emergence of big data analytics, internet of things, machine learning, and general artificial intelligence could revolutionize next-generation research, industry and society. A detailed discussion is provided herein on opportunities, challenges, and future directions of SSE in response to the pressing carbon-neutrality targets.

关键词： machine learning modeling material industrial applications environment

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Wastewater treatment meets artificial photosynthesis: Solar to green fuel production, water remediation and carbon

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-022-1536-5

摘要：

• Mitigating energy utilization and carbon emission is urgent for wastewater treatment.

关键词： Wastewater treatment Artificial photosynthesis Microbial photoelectrochemical (MPEC) system Carbon neutral Renewable energy

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碳中和愿景下的中国能源转型之路 Article

张枢, 陈文颖

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 64-76 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.09.004

摘要：

为了实现碳中和，中国能源系统需要经历深刻转型。本文利用能源-环境-经济模型China TIMES，设计了4个面向碳中和的能源转型情景，对因实现碳达峰时间不同和2050年碳排放量不同引起的转型路径差异进行了比较。结果显示，中国的二氧化碳排放量将在2025—2030年达到103亿~104亿吨的峰值。2050年，中国能源消费总量（电热当量）的60%、发电量的90%将由可再生能源提供，终端电气化率提升至接近60%。能源转型将带来持续的空气质量改善，2050年局地空气污染物排放较2020年减少85%，而提前达峰能够产生更多的近期收益。提前达峰要求在未来10年大量部署可再生能源，并在2025年后加速淘汰煤炭，这加大了近期的减排压力。然而，这些措施能尽早获得更好的空气质量，减少二氧化碳累计排放，为其他部门的转型争取更多时间。另外，本研究还发现，中国2050年的减排压力会在近期对可再生能源的发展、能源服务需求变化和福利损失产生影响。

关键词：碳中和能源转型气候变化减缓 China TIMES模型协同效应

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钠离子电池——碳中和世界的储能技术

吴凯, Xinwei Dou, 张欣欣, 欧阳楚英

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 36-38 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.011

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从全球城市视角解码水系统碳中和 Article

林家良, 刘刚, Anne Marieke Motelica-Wagenaar, Jan Peter van der Hoek

《工程（英文）》 2022年第14卷第7期页码 77-85 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.04.012

摘要：

当前，很多城市已做出碳中和承诺，城市水系统也可以为构建碳中和城市贡献力量。本研究采用多城市时序分析法，评估了阿姆斯特丹、墨尔本、纽约和东京等四个城市，在水系统温室气体（GHG）排放管理方面的进展情况及经验教训。这些城市在水系统温室气体减排目标制定和排放情况报告方面，一直走在世界前列。尽管这些年来多次“反弹”，但相比十多年前，这4个城市水系统的温室气体排放量都有所下降，近三年平均减排量达到13%~32%。温室气体排放量下降归功于多种工程措施，如太阳能和小型水力发电、沼气定价、污泥消化、焚烧及曝气系统优化等。与此同时，这些城市认识到，在实现碳中和目标的道路上仍有众多挑战，包括动态变化的需水量和降雨量、碳密集型防洪和供水战略、满足新的空气和水质标准以及修正温室气体排放核算方法等。本研究也证实，水系统靠自身实现碳中和十分困难，必须扩大常规的系统边界，统筹外部的工程和非工程机会，携手其他行业共同构建碳中和城市。

关键词：城市水系统温室气体排放全球城市缓解气候变化碳中和

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Towards neutral steer and sideslip reduction for four-wheeled electric vehicles

Guisheng ZHAI, Masayuki NAKA, Tomoaki KOBAYASHI, Joe IMAE

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第7卷第1期页码 16-22 doi: 10.1007/s11465-012-0316-5

摘要：

This paper proposes an approach to achieving both neutral steer and sideslip reduction for four-wheeled electric vehicles. The control problem is reduced to constructing a servo system tracking appropriate reference input, where the tracking is realized in the framework of ?∞ control. To deal with time-varying vehicle velocity for practical purpose, a gain scheduling strategy is developed to obtain the controller, where the lower and upper bounds of the velocity are used to obtain a polytopic range for the parameters in the system coefficient matrices. A numerical example is given to show validity of the proposed approach.

关键词： four-wheeled electric vehicles neutral steer sideslip reduction servo system ?∞ control&sortBy=weightDesc"> ?∞ control')" href="#">?∞ control gain scheduling linear matrix inequality (LMI)

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Electrolyzed water and its application in animal houses

Weichao ZHENG,Li NI,Baoming LI

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第3卷第3期页码 195-205 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2016109

摘要： Electrolyzed water (EW) can be produced by electrolysis of a dilute salt solution. Slightly acidic electrolyzed water (SAEW, pH 5.0–6.5) and neutral electrolyzed water (NEW, pH 6.5–8.5) are considered healthy and environmentally friendly because no hazardous chemicals are added in its production, there is reduced corrosion of surfaces and it minimizes the potential for damage to animal and human health. Over the last decade, EW has become increasingly popular as an alternative disinfectant for decontamination in animal houses. However, there have been some issues related to EW that are not well known, including different mechanisms for generation of SAEW and NEW, and the antimicrobial mechanism of EW. This review covers the definitions of SAEW and NEW, different generation systems for SAEW and NEW, the antimicrobial mecha- nism of EW, and recent developments related to the application of SAEW and NEW in animal houses.

关键词： disinfection poultry and livestock slightly acidic electrolyzed water neutral electrolyzed water

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Nickel-carbonate nanowire array: An efficient and durable electrocatalyst for water oxidation under nearly neutral

Yuyao Ji, Min Ma, Xuqiang Ji, Xiaoli Xiong, Xuping Sun

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第12卷第3期页码 467-472 doi: 10.1007/s11705-018-1717-8

摘要：

It is highly attractive but still remains a great challenge to develop an efficient electrocatalyst for oxygen evolution reaction under nearly neutral conditions. In this work, we report the transformation of Ni₃S₂ nanowire array on nickel foam into the amorphous nickel carbonate nanowire array on nickel foam (NiCO₃/NF). The resulting NiCO₃/NF shows high electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation and affords current density of 50 mA·cm⁻² at overpotential of 395 mV in 1.0 mol·L⁻¹ KHCO₃. Moreover, this NiCO₃/NF is also durable with a long-term electrochemical durability of 60 h. This catalyst electrode achieves a high turnover frequency of 0.21 mol O₂·s⁻¹ at the overpotential of 500 mV.

关键词： water oxidation NiCO₃/NF nearly neutral conditions superior activity electocatalyst

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Temporal evolution of charged and neutral nanoparticle concentrations during atmospheric new particle

E. Rohan Jayaratne, Buddhi Pushpawela, Lidia Morawska

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0862-x

摘要： Over 100 new particle formation events were studied. In 50 events, charged and neutral particles were not formed at the same time. In 42 of these events the charged particles formed before the neutral particles. Their subsequent growth rates were not determined by the particle charge. The result suggests that ion induced nucleation plays a role in particle formation. Time series of nanoparticle number concentration during new particle formation (NPF) events in the urban environment of Brisbane, Australia, showed that the formation of charged particles often occurred before that of neutral particles. We monitored 241 days during the calendar year 2012 over which NPF events were observed on 108 days. We studied the times at which the charged and neutral particle concentrations in the size range 1.8–3.2 nm reached their peak values and found that they were clearly different in 50 events with the peak neutral particle concentration lagging behind the charged particle concentration during 42 of these events with a mean time lag of 24±12 min. While the charged particles were more likely to form before the neutral particles, once formed, the growth rate of the particles did not depend on their charge. While ion-induced nucleation is not the dominant mechanism of NPF in the atmosphere, our observations suggest that the presence of ions in the atmosphere plays a role that cannot be ignored.

关键词： Charged particles Cluster ions Secondary particles Environmental pollution

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田明：碳中和景下橡胶材料技术创新（2021年5月21日）

2021年11月22日

关键词：碳中和

A road-map for energy-neutral wastewater treatment plants of the future based on compact technologies

Hallvard Ødegaard

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第10卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-016-0835-0

摘要： In the paper concepts for wastewater treatment of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration. In the paper concepts for domestic wastewater treatment plants of the future are discussed by the use of a) one flow diagram based on established, compact, proven technologies (i.e. nitrification/denitrification for N-removal in the mainstream) and b) one flow diagram based on emerging, compact technologies (i.e. de-ammonification in the main stream).The latter (b) will give an energy-neutral wastewater treatment plant, while this cannot be guaranteed for the first one (a). The example flow diagrams show plant concepts that a) minimize energy consumption by using compact biological and physical/chemical processes combined in an optimal way, for instance by using moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR) processes for biodegradation and high-rate particle separation processes, and de-ammonification processes for N-removal and b)maximize energy (biogas) production through digestion by using wastewater treatment processes that minimize biodegradation of the sludge (prior to digestion) and pretreatment of the sludge prior to digestion by thermal hydrolysis. The treatment plant of the future should produce a water quality (for instance bathing water quality) that is sufficient for reuse of some kind (toilet flushing, urban use, irrigation etc.). The paper outlines compact water reclamation processes based on ozonation in combination with coagulation as pretreatment before ceramic membrane filtration.

关键词： China concept WWTP Energy-neutrality De-ammonification moving bed biofilm reactor (MBBR)

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循环流化床燃烧低污染排放技术研究展望

柯希玮,蒋苓,吕俊复,岳光溪

《中国工程科学》 2021年第23卷第3期页码 120-128 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2021.03.009

摘要：

在污染物排放标准日趋严格、 2060 年前实现碳中和的背景下，深度挖掘循环流化床（CFB）燃烧技术的低污染排放潜力，进一步提高 CFB 锅炉的市场竞争力，对于煤炭清洁高效利用、能源转型升级具有重要意义。本文在阐述 CFB 燃烧污染物排放特性的基础上，分析了主流 CFB 锅炉低污染排放技术及应用，结合我国能源发展战略和相关政策，提出了 CFB 燃烧在污染物排放控制技术方面的发展建议。研究认为，需大力开发炉内原始低排放 CFB 燃烧技术，在保证锅炉效率的前提下，通过流态重构、燃烧组织来突破 CFB 锅炉污染物排放极限。着眼于煤炭能源长远发展，支持与超临界 / 超超临界，智能运行，碳捕集、利用与封存，储能等技术高度结合的新一代超低排放 CFB 燃烧技术研发；加快对现存中小容量 CFB 锅炉的优化升级；发挥 CFB 燃烧燃料适应性广的优势，推广生物质燃烧发电，促进对低热值燃料、城市垃圾、各工业废弃物的低成本高效清洁消纳；挖掘 CFB 锅炉的深度调峰能力并保持低污染排放性能，提高运行灵活性及对新能源的消纳能力；加强 CFB 燃烧脱硫灰渣的综合利用，关注 N2O 排放问题。还需从全局角度合理制定污染物排放标准和相关政策，引导包括 CFB 燃烧在内的能源行业健康发展。

关键词：煤炭清洁利用循环流化床污染控制碳中和燃料适应性新能源消纳